The fact that this creates distinct classes but there is tonnes of overlap and you can excercise your creativity, is the core of the game. There are a range of other classes too, cruiser thrusters and volumetric armour for mid-speed ships, cloak, ring, phase bombs and afterburners for bombers, etc.
Meanwhile, there are heavy parts: Heavyweight armour, Bulk Thrusters, Plasma which are super heavy battleship parts.
There are a host of fighter parts, such as lightweight armour, fighter thrusters and light beam, which have a very low weight and are good on small, fast ships.